The Financial Crisis And The Liquidity Risk Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Put simply, liquidity risk is the risk stemming from the lack of marketability of an investment that cannot be bought or sold quickly enough to prevent or minimize a loss (investopedia). It is useful to determine between two types of liquidity risk: funding liquidity risk and market liquidity risk. The former describes the ease of obtaining funds from other financial institutions or investors. Brunnermeier (2009) differentiates between three different types of funding liquidity risk: 1) rollover risk, the possibility that it will be expensive or impossible to rollover short term borrowing 2) redemption risk, the risk that depositors withdraw funds and 3) margin/haircut funding risk. The latter regards a situation where an asset is purchased and the buyer uses the purchased asset as collateral and borrows short term against it. As the buyer cannot borrow the assets entire price, they must finance the difference (the margin/haircut) using their own equity capital. Traders t end not to carry much excess capital thus, as margins/haircuts increase; they must sell part/all of the asset. It is the same scenario if depositors begin withdrawing their funds. In order to rollover debt, financial institutions began to rely heavily on short term (commercial) paper (repo contracts). This creates substantial liquidity risk as it is dependent on the market remaining awash with liquidity (Brunnermeier, 2009). In each of the above scenarios, the liquidity risk arises when the asset can only be sold at fire-sale prices. This occurs when market liquidity is low. The market liquidity risk represents the ease of finding a buyer. If liquidity is low then buyers will be more risk averse, as such, unwilling to pay above the odds for an asset. This depresses asset prices, further increasing liquidity risk. Typically, the risk of assets is measured by their return relative to the risk free return (generally the US Treasury Bill rate). In times of crisis this interest rate s pread widens due to the desire to hold first rate collateral. In other words, the demand for US Treasury bills increase, depressing the rate, whereas demand for risky assets fall, increasing the rate (Brunnermeier, 2009). In July 2007, Chuck Prince (Citigroups then CEO), summarised the significance of liquidity risk in the financial crisis by drawing on Keynes analogy between bubbles and musical chairs: When the music stops, in terms of liquidity, things will be complicated. But as long as the music is playing, youve got to get up and dance. Were still dancing. (Nakamoto Wighton, 2007). There was a perceived reduction in liquidity risk of banks in the years preceding the crisis as they moved to a model of originate and distribute, in addition to financing their assets with short term maturity instruments (Brunnermeier, 2009). The former was supposedly a method to offload risk as it involved banks originating loans, e.g. residential mortgages, pooling these together into di versified portfolios, slicing these portfolios into tranches (each tranche represented a different level of risk), and then distributing these loans (in their new securitised form) to various non bank financial institutions (Goodhart). Liquidity risk arises in this situation for various reasons. First of all, as banks intended offloading the loans, they only carried pipeline risk thus had little incentive to take due care in approving, processing and monitoring loan applications (Brunnermeier). Secondly, these Collateralised Debt Obligations (CDO) were considered to be off- balance sheet thus were not included when determining a banks required capital (set at 8% under Basel I) (Goodhart). However, in reality the banks risk, through exposure to these SIVs, was little changed. Often many of these securitised assets were held by conduits which, in turn, were owned by the bank (Goodhart). In addition, buyers of these tranches could also purchase credit default swaps (CDS) which, in exch ange for a fee, would insure the buyer against any default (Brunnermier). The structure of banks financing further added to the mounting liquidity risk as the investment projects or mortgages (which were typically long term investments) were increasingly financed with short term deposits. To maintain financing for their conduits and SIVs banks issued asset backed commercial paper (ABCP), with typical maturities of 1 to 3 months (Goodhart), creating significant funding liquidity risk if investors stopped buying ABCP. However, in the event that funding for ABCP dried up, the commercial bank granted a liquidity backstop, exposing the sponsoring bank to significant risk that was not accounted for in the balance sheet (Brunnermier). The increase in liquidity risk through maturity mismatch was also as a result of repo contracts, which was often overnight financing. Under repo contracts a firm would raise funds by selling a collateral asset today with an agreement to repurchase the asse t in future (Brunnermeir). Due to the reliance of banks on short term financing, any reduction in funding liquidity would cause significant stress on the financial system. In summer 2007 we witnessed a dry up in liquidity for ABCP as investors struggled to value structured products and confidence in rating agencys eroded (Brunnermier). The constant reiteration that the financial crisis was due to defaults on US subprime mortgages is evident from figure 1 as, following an increase in defaults noted from February 2007, the market for mortgage backed securities collapsed where as other markets remained relatively stable (Brunnermeier). As is evident, liquidity risk played a significant role in the financial crisis and, due to the open economy the United States possesses and its position as a major financial player, many other countries and non US banks were exposed to the US subprime mortgage market. The UK was particularly exposed as RBS and Barclays were the two biggest underwr iters of mortgage backed securities in 2007. Both banks were also big lenders of leveraged finance (Timeonline). In addition, HSBC and RBS (through Citizens Bank) have significant presence in the United States. Other UK banks had less exposure to the US mortgage market, however, were heavily reliant on wholesale funding thus were susceptible to liquidity shocks e.g. HBOS (TimesOnline). https://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article3572658.ece

Thomas Hobbes Leviathan Essay - 1029 Words

A state of nature is a hypothetical state of being within a society that defines such a way that particular community behaves within itself. English philosopher Thomas Hobbes proclaimed that, â€Å"A state of nature is a state of war.† By this, Hobbes means that every human being, given the absence of government or a contract between other members of a society, would act in a war-like state in which each man would be motivated by desires derived solely with the intention of maximizing his own utility. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;He claims that acts of kindness, charity and benevolence are always actions that the performer believes will result in a beneficial consequence for himself. Hobbes’ basis for this argument lies in the concept of†¦show more content†¦The most highly organized social network is called a commonwealth, a web of contracts between members of a community, which according to Hobbes is synonymous to the formation of an entirely new person of which each individual is but a working part (Leviathan 2, 17). Hence the title of Hobbes’ most famous work, Leviathan, which is a sea monster that lives off of the â€Å"sea of individuals.† And who is to rule this commonwealth? Hobbes answers that there needs to be a sovereign, to judge and enforce the laws of the contracts (Leviathan 2, 18). This sovereign, who is either chosen by the creators of the covenant (institution) or who forces people under his rule (acquisition) has the final rule in enforcing the laws. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Essentially what Hobbes is saying by all of this is that human beings are not fit to govern themselves. The notion of the social contract serves the purpose of saving us from ourselves because, according to Hobbes, humans are not able to do that on their own. The idea of acting on behalf of the common good is, while comprehensible in theory, impossible for humans to execute. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In criticizing Hobbes argument, it is extremely important to understand that the very theory of the state of nature is purely arbitrary. Such a state has never existed. While Hobbes states that the idea of a state of nature is hypothetical, a certain validity must be denied in the absence of evidence.Show MoreRelatedThe Leviathan By Thomas Hobbes1890 Words   |  8 PagesIn The Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes presents a highly cynical and thoroughly negative view of the natural condition of human beings. Hobbes understands humans as inherently suspicious and fearful of one another. Left to our natural state, people prove incapable of harmonious coexistence and instead aggressively pursue their own security. To achieve this end, men will belligerently defend what they view as theirs and endeavor to dominate as many others as possible. This understanding of security, howeverRead MoreLeviathan, By Thomas Hobbes838 Words   |  4 PagesIn Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes, he talks about nature, man, liberty, and other topics. Mr. Hobbes says that â€Å"nature hath made men so equal,† but how can we determine how they are equal? We can say everyone is equal before they come into the world, except when they are actually in the world, no one is the same. Everyone is different in some way, whether it be with respect, money, or just social gains. One man can claim any benefit to his satisfaction, but is it only satisfying to himself or othersRead MoreEssay Thomas Hobbes Leviathan1938 Words   |  8 PagesThomas Hobbes Leviathan Above anything else, Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan is a creation story and an investigation of human nature. The story begins in a time of chaos and death and through a journey of human development culminates in the establishment of a sustainable and rational society—the commonwealth—led by a sovereign. At a first casual glance, Hobbes’ reasoning of the transformation from the state of nature to the commonwealth is not airtight. A few possible objections can be quickly spotted:Read MoreThomas Hobbes s Leviathan 1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe source which will be analysed is the frontispiece of Thomas Hobbes most famous work ‘Leviathan’ and ‘Leviathan’ as a whole. The frontispiece is considered as prominent as the arguments put forth by Thomas Hobbes in the ‘Leviathan’ itself. The frontispiece depicts a crowned figure grasping a crosier and a sword. This figure, or ‘Leviathan’, represents the all-powerful, co mprehensive state. When looked at closely, the torso and arms of the figure are made up of hundreds of individual people, whoRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes Leviathan1008 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish philosopher, Thomas Hobbes’, leviathan consists of three parts. The second part, titled â€Å"Of Commonwealth†, describes a government Hobbes refers to as the â€Å"leviathan†; which is simply defined as â€Å"something that is very large and powerful†. Biblically, â€Å"leviathan† is defined negatively, as a devilish sea monster. On the contrary, Hobbes uses the term to portray his version of the ideal government. Hobbes emphasizes the concept of human nature. He explains that there are both negative andRead MoreLeviathan by Thomas Hobbes Essay589 Words   |  3 PagesLeviathan by Thomas Hobbes In 1651, Thomas Hobbes published Leviathan, his famous work that detailed his physicalist outlook and his concept of the value of a social contract for a peaceful society and the nature of man. His major belief was that man is a beast that defines his identity through the need to be controlled under some kind of external, oppressive power. This essay will explain Hobbes’ views of man’s identity in the society and will demonstrate how it was mirrored in the politicalRead MoreEssay on Thomas Hobbes Leviathan970 Words   |  4 Pages Born during a period of medieval philosophy, Thomas Hobbes developed a new way of thinking. He perfected his moral and political theories in his controversial book Leviathan, written in 1651. In his introduction, Hobbes describes the state of nature as an organism analogous to a large person (p.42). He advises that people should look into themselves to see the nature of humanity. In his quote, â€Å" The passions that incline men to peace, are fear of death; desire of such things as are necessary toRead MoreThomas Hobbes Leviathan Argumentative Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesIn Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan, Hobbes argues that humans are inherently only self-interested and will do anything to benefit themselves (Hobbes, 6). Before they form society, humans live in the state of nature. This is a brutal place governed by no laws, contracts, or power to restrict human nature. People are free to kill each other without no repercussions, forcing everyone to constantly fend for themse lves and live in fear of being killed. He describes this as the worst way to live life, one thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan 2457 Words   |  10 Pages Laviathan, Thomas Hobbes most important work and one of the most substantial philosophical texts of the Seventeenth century, was written largely as a response to the political violence and turmoil of England’s civil wars. In Leviathan, Hobbes, using science and reason as a foundation, attempts to create a concrete and methodological solution for peace and political stability. In the context of a historically violent and fear stricken period in which Leviathan was written, it is logicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan 1268 Words   |  6 Pagesinterests under a common power. In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury writes profoundly on the arrangement of legitimate government and the structure of society by calling to attention the constant vying for â€Å"power after power th at ceaseth only in death† (Hobbes, 56). Through his depiction of human interactions, Hobbes claims that there is a perpetual longing for ease and protection, knowledge, and fame (Hobbes, 56-57). When desires are conflicting, Hobbes claims that there is fierce competition

Overcoming the Odds in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path Essay

In the short story, A Worn Path Eudora Weltys plot is not all that clear in the beginning, but progresses as her character carries on against the overwhelming forces against her. In this short story a black elderly woman, Phoenix Jackson, must overcome the odds against her as she valiantly travels through many obstacles in order to contribute to the wellness of her grandson, for whom she is making this trip down a worn path. It is at this point that all of Weltys readers hearts open up to this poor, elderly woman as she makes an attempt to carry on her love for her grandson by taking a long journey down a familiar path in order to get medication that seems to help ease his sickness pains. However, there are many forces against†¦show more content†¦Here Welty shows that Phoenix must do what she has to in order to survive. Even though it may not appear right, her poverty forces her to act in a way that she only knows best. For instance, when people have a barrier separating th em between something they want, they are going to do what they can to achieve their goal no matter what stands in their way. In this case Phoenix is a poor woman and the money catches her eye. Acting on her instinct, she takes what is not hers and hopes that she can get away with it. However, because of her perseverance and determination to better the health of her grandson, Phoenix journeys into town to receive charity that the doctors office provides her. This soothing medicine they give her is the reason why she makes this trip in the first place (136). However, she is looked upon as a charity case since she has no money to pay for the medication he needs and is given the medicine for free. All of these examples that Welty has described in A Worn Path allow her story to develop by making readers think about what she writes. Poverty is an important issue in todays society and it makes one think of all the fortunes they have. In this sense, Welty also makes one fear poverty by the way she addresses it. The images allow one to feel Phoenixs pain that comes along with poverty. Joyce Carol Oates backs up this statement by addingShow MoreRelatedA Worn Path Research Paper959 Words   |  4 PagesHeroic Efforts Of Phoenix Jackson In â€Å"A Worn Path† In Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path,† the character Phoenix Jackson is introduced. Phoenix Jackson is an uneducated, African-American woman without any family besides her sick grandson. Phoenix is the hero of this story and fits the role well by delivering much-needed medicine to her grandson. Phoenix shows many distinct traits that reveal her to be a hero to her grandson. The heroic feats she accomplishes pave a path that leads to her satisfaction as wellRead More The Hero Sojourner In A Worn Path by Eudora Welty Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hero Sojourner in A Worn Path by Eudora Welty In A Worn Path by: Eudora Welty, the main character emulates the necessary nuts and bolts of the archetypal journey as its hero; answers a call to an adventure, has to go through trials of fear, and ending with the retrieval of two prizes. Eudora Weltys short story A Worn Path takes place on a bright, frozen day in December. Representing a struggle, but most of all represents determination. Her name is Phoenix Jackson. This story is about sacrifice

Sexuality and Gender Roles in Tv Sitcoms - 1655 Words

Sexuality and Gender Roles in T.V Sitcoms Society places a lot of blame on daily interactions and public views through what people observe and learn from television sitcoms and movies. Parents believe that children are now being confused about their sexuality just from watching television shows and movies. People believe that what they view in today’s popular television sitcoms and movies are ways to act in every day society. Most sitcoms and movies however, are just enabling sexuality and gender conflictions within today’s youth. According to the author bell hooks â€Å"What does it mean that media has such control of our imaginations that they dont want to accept that there are conscious manipulations taking place and that in fact, we†¦show more content†¦She sometimes shows a taste of sadomasochism, and in the episode â€Å"The Son also draws† she has a gambling addiction when the family enters the Indian Casino. Lois is somewhat promiscuous: she had an affair with former President Bill Clin ton. She has also been shown to have a large number of ex-boyfriends, including Gene Simmons of the band KISS and a friend of Peters named Jerome, both of which have given her the nickname Loose Lois Even though Lois has this dark and promiscuous side of her, it’s merely her just rebelling against being the stereotypical mother. Unfortunately Lois only fits two extremes, she is either the perfect stay at home mom or a crazy rebel, because a guy has been the creator to the show, he is depicting how men see women. There is no in between woman that can be a mom and still have fun, not in promiscuous, absurd ways. The media is full of depicting the stereotypical stay at home mother. The Simpsons is another case in point of how the media portrays the gender roles. As Sarah Antinora writes, â€Å"As an animated series, the series has always been allowed to take liberties and play with the conventions of a sitcom in order to make its pointed comments concerning modern culture.â₠¬  (The Simpsons Gender Roles). In The Simpsons Marge Simpson also plays the stereotypical house hold wife. As her husband Homer goes to work at the nuclear power plant, she stays at home taking care of the three kids,Show MoreRelatedThe Media Shape And Reinforce Feminism1477 Words   |  6 PagesThe Media Shape and Reinforce Feminism Why cannot female characters be stronger? The role of media is representing the social status that reflects the actual situation of the female in society’s different aspects. However, female characters do not have enough representation because males take most of the important roles in different kinds of media. Female characters are always represented as one-sided and more reliant on male characters. Even though there is a trend of misrepresentation of femalesRead MoreEssay On Sexuality In The United States878 Words   |  4 PagesSexuality in the United States Growing up in the Bronx, NY †¢ I grew up in the Bronx, NY to Puerto Ricans divorced parents. Out of 5 boroughs of NYC, this area is 4th largest. †¢ This region is known as the birthplace of hip-hop and rap culture †¢ Most of the Puerto Ricans that live in NYC resided in this borough †¢ I am the oldest of two girls and the expectations were very high. †¢ Growing up in my household, education and marriage were considered essential and a must. †¢ Sex education was a topic thatRead MoreThe Representation of Male and Female Characters in Two Comedies1518 Words   |  7 Pagescharacters are represented and whether the way they are represented challenges the stereotypes associated with gender differences. The two situation comedies I have chosen are ‘Friends’ and ‘Man About The House’. As Friends was made decades after Man About The House it gives us a good insight into how male and female representations and attitudes towards the roles of males and females has changed over the last 30 years. Man about the house was produced during a time of Read MoreStereotypes, Stereotyping and Ideals Essay5008 Words   |  21 Pagesforth by Barbie, models, and mannequins, girls and women must also comply with given gender norms. Not only must they achieve an ideal body type, but also ideal femininity. As a result, several points must be addressed. Primarily, one ought to consider gender as an inherent biological distinction versus gender as an ongoing fabrication due to one’s actions. Although evidence may be provided to argue that gender is an innate characteristic, I will show that it is actually a result of one’s actionsRead MoreThe Stereotypical Reality Of Television1624 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stereotypical Reality in TV Although television can sometimes be educational, it is often agreed that reality TV creates dangerous stereotypes. These days, it seems like producers are willing to turn almost anything into a an hour long weekly series. Another growing concern that may indirectly promote stereotypes is the issue of privacy in reality TV. It is said that â€Å"participants in reality shows have openly admitted that giving the public access to the most personal moments of their livesRead MoreThe History of TV Shows and TV Family Programs 2375 Words   |  10 PagesThe representation of TV fatherhood has  transformed largely in recent decades. Father figures on TV have undergone a wide social transition, whereby earlier portrayals of fathers were idealized as strong, revered characters that acted as the disciplinarians. However, due to factors such as the rise of feminism and the World Wars, audiences began changing their stances, expectations, and attitudes toward father figures. This gave w ay to new family shows that reflected this change in society. The authorityRead MoreHip Hop : A Cultural Movement And Popular Genre Of Music Essay1920 Words   |  8 Pages1960’s a new era of activism, the second wave of feminism, surfaced to reconstruct the fight for gender equality amongst all women. This era came to an end around the early 1980’s, paving the way for the third wave of feminism to take effect. In the early 1990’s, the third wave feminists centralized their goal on eradicating gender role expectations and stereotypes that normalize the division of genders. Nonetheless, the third wave of feminism still exists today and has made its mark on hip-hop cultureRead More Medias Influence on Adolescent Girls Body Image, Identity and Sexuality2507 Words   |  11 PagesMedias Influence on Adolescent Girls Body Image, Identity and Sexuality Missing Sources Cited nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gender Identity begins in early childhood when roles are given to children as to which toys they should play or not play with. A child’s body image is influenced by how people around her react to her body and how she looks. A pre-adolescent becomes more aware of what society’s standards are for the ideal body. The media has always had images of what the ideal woman should beRead More Research on The Anime Invasion Essay4419 Words   |  18 PagesStatement:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The popular onset of Princess Mononoke and Pokemon enabled anime, once limited to an underground movement populated by teenage males, to enter mainstream American film entertainment, resulting in the backlash on violence, gender issues, and sexuality. I. Overview A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Motivator B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Definition of anime 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Examples of anime 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anime and its consumers C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Definition of manga 1. Popular American examples of manga a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ranma  ½ b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Akira c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fushigi Yugi:Read More Gender Roles in the Media Essay3973 Words   |  16 Pageswrapped in a pink or blue blanket, a childs gender is unmistakable. From this point on, they will continuously be bombarded with the socialization into their gender by many sources. One of the main sources of this socialization is media, more specifically television. The purpose of this paper is to describe gender roles and stereotypes, and to take a closer look at how the medias representation and portrayal of males and females affects children. Gender differences are the sets of attributes

Essay on Module 3 - 829 Words

Are drug companies that test experimental drugs in foreign countries acting ethically? In my opinion, a lot of people in foreign countries are uneducated and therefore, may not fully understand the risks, complications and side effects of these experimental drugs. If they do not have the means to adequately research the drug prior to testing it, they may end up doing so without fully understanding what potential side effects are involved. I am not sure how well companies educate these foreign countries and or people involved in the case study. If these people are not educated properly than it is unethical for them to test experimental drugs on them. Is American industry at too much risk of lawsuits to remain competitive? Should†¦show more content†¦Is it ethical for companies to decline to sell a useful drug in a foreign country because they can make more money marketing the drug elsewhere? I personally feel that it is neither ethical nor unethical for a company to decline to sell a useful drug just because they can make more money marketing drugs that are more widely needed. It really is up to the company what drugs they want to sell however; if a drug is available that will help people and or cure disease, it should be made available and companies should sell it. From a business stand point I can understand why they would want to market only drugs that are more widely needed as it will make them more money however; by offering or selling drugs that are useful, they will eventually gain more recognition and that could lead to a competitive advantage. As for whether or not it is ethical for companies to decline selling a useful drug in a foreign country because they can make more money marketing the drug elsewhere, I am again neither in agreement or disagreement on this one. It is a company’s chose where and to whom they want to sell drugs to. However, in poor countries, people cannot easily afford anything. Companies would have to reduce their price significantly even by selling in bulk. If they sell to China or other countries that can afford the drugs, I am sure they would do so but they also risk losing money. Do companies haveShow MoreRelatedModule 3 : Case Study1048 Words   |  5 Pages Module 3 Case Study Shun’Tanna T. Armstrong Trident University International Module 3 Case Study In the year 2015, the personal computer is definitely not the same as the colossal square shaped computer that began to spread into homes as far back as the mid 1980 s. As indicated by United States Census Bureau, more than 85% of all homes in the United States have personal computers and or access to mobile computing. ((File) Computers have changed the way individuals, scholars, and organizationsRead MoreModule 3 : Discussion Board755 Words   |  4 PagesModule 3 - Discussion Board How have the events of September 11, 2001, changed law enforcement and policing in the United States? Please substantiate your conclusions with examples and any supporting data. September 11, 2016 will mark the 15th anniversary of the largest attack, on American soil, in history. Airplanes struck the twin towers, crashed in Pennsylvania, and hit the Pentagon. Since the events of September 11, 2001 new initiatives and tools are now available to reduce threats to ourRead MoreThe Module 3 Case Assignment888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Module 3 Case assignment is about a young nurse named Christy and her interactions between two different Romani patients. The case study highlights the differences in perception of a culture, and how that impacts the attitude of the provider staff and the health care the patients receive. Additionally, the case study shows how Jacqueline, the Clinical Nurse Manager, is trying to fix the overall cultural competence with the hospital staff to better accommodate the influx of Romani patients inRead MoreSummary And Response : Module 3960 Words   |  4 PagesSummary and Response: Module 3 A) Summary of Articles The three articles we were asked to read discussed personal and professional discord, how to address these value-based conflicts when they occur, and the intersectionality of faith, sexual orientations, and gender overall. These articles all explained what potential viewpoints (personal and professional) could do to the counseling process and what can be done to prevent this (e.g. how to address these value-based conflicts within the counselingRead MoreModule 3 : Planning For Instruction1790 Words   |  8 PagesModule 3: Planning for Instruction I will learn about and apply instructional strategies designed to deepen student understanding of new content. As a result, students will incorporate this deeper understanding into problem-solving strategies resulting in improved ability to solve multistep, open-ended problems. I intentionally employ a mix of instructional strategies in the classroom in order to give my students a variety of opportunities in which to engage themselves and each other with new contentRead MoreSSD2 Module 3 Notes22142 Words   |  89 Pagesï » ¿MODUEL 3 TRAINING AND LEADER DEVELOPMENT PROCESS The Army provides combatant commanders with trained and ready units, leaders, and individuals. Army expeditionary forces are prepared to conduct unified land operations in support of unified action. The Army accomplishes this by conducting tough, realistic, standards-based, performance-oriented training, which is based on eleven principles of training and seven principles of leader development. As a leader you must understand these principles. UnderstandingRead MoreSok Notes Module 32689 Words   |  11 PagesSystems of Knowledge (Module 3) What is Science? Science is derived from the Latin word scienta which means knowledge. Science is a particular way of understanding our natural world. Science is based on assumptions of our senses and the use of instruments to help us be precise. It is empirical [it falls beyond our senses]. Science follows very specific rules. Science does not exclude creativity and imagination, all inventions started from the inquiring mind. 3 methods of science are Observation,Read MoreFin350 Week 3 Module 3 Practice Problems724 Words   |  3 PagesFin350 Week 3 Module 3 Practice Problems Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/fin350-week-3-module-3-practice-problems/ P4–5 Classifying inflows and outflows of cash Classify each of the following items as an inflow (I) or an outflow (O) of cash, or as neither (N). P4–6 Finding operating and free cash flows Consider the following balance sheets and selected data from the income statement of Keith Corporation. a. Calculate the firm’s net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT) forRead MoreModule 3 Questions Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause it couldn’t make as much money off it.† Companies should be liable when they market alternative vaccine and disregard the effects because their intensions are to make more money. Thus, resulting in companies focusing on money over human health. 3. Is it ethical for companies to decline to sell a useful drug because they can make more money marketing drugs that are more widely needed? Is it ethical for companies to decline to sell a useful drug in a foreign country because they can make more moneyRead MoreModule 3 : Multiple Intelligences7519 Words   |  31 PagesModule 3: Multiple Intelligences Identified Read Chapter 2 of Learning to Learn and complete the following graphic organizers. This chapter goes into great detail about three of psychologist Howard Gardner’s ‘multiple intelligences.’ In this chapter, the authors discuss how children in crisis are particularly prone to trouble processing information and learning in ways that other students do.. The authors propose that when teachers are able to identify the way a child in crisis learns best, they

Workplace Relationships

Question: Discuss about theWorkplace Relationships. Answer: What is Small Talk? Small talk is an informal type of conversation which is premeditated to provide people a probability to increase their networking and opportunities. It aims to put people at ease by initiating them into conversation. In this way, it creates a level of comfort between the two individuals in order to build a relationship between them(Fisher, 2016). The process of small conversation or small talk was considered for the first time by Malinowski. He explained the concept by using a term 'phatic communication' for it(Ogden et al., 1923). The small talk can be considered as a way of social communication as it requires social ability to conduct a small talk with an individual. In order to enhance social communication skills, networking in the workplaces is assumed to be the most suitable environment as maximum time of working people is consumed in the workplaces only. What is the Purpose of Small Talk? The main purpose of small talk is to manage interpersonal distances between the persons conducting the conversation(Mattar Wachsmuth, n.d.). It helps to define the relationships between friends, colleagues, or new relationships and in exploring and categorizing social status of each other. It initializes social interactions in a flexible manner but the main purpose depends upon the topic to be selected for initiating the small talk(Nelson, 2012). It opens the pathway to communication when two individuals are unknown to each other. It is depicted through small talks that two of them have friendly intentions and provides them a positive signal for further interaction(Tranchemontagne, 2016). It provides effortlessness in concluding communication which is beneficial for establishing the relationship between two people. Being a social species, it is a tendency of humans to start phatic talks with the person they meet until some sort of substantial matter for discussion arises. However, t he whole purpose of small talks depends only and only upon the relationship between two people who are communicating with each other. It is based on the nature of relation as how should a particular small talk be commenced(Tsang, 2008). What are the Benefits of Engaging in Small Talk? There are so many benefits of engaging in small talks, some of them are- It provides a lot of information as well as the sense of mood of the other person(Admin, 2009). It helps us to make a good impression about ourselves in front of other people and on the other hand, we can test the sense of humour of the other person by engaging in small talks(Park, 2015). It can lead to long lasting relationships particularly in case of friendship; all friendly relationships start through small talks and become close friendship slowly and gradually. Chatting with strangers helps us in creating new thoughts and ideas and inspires us in many innovative ways(Sravani, 2016). In an era of smart phones and various gadgets, people do not usually pay heed to the surroundings and live with gadgets only. Small conversations with a real person instead of online chats aware us about our surroundings also(Nickalls, 2016). Starting a Conversation with a Neighbour in a Book Store. Person A: Hey, I never knew you have interest in reading books? Person B: Yeah, I have. Person A: What kind of books do you prefer reading? Person B: I have a lot of interest in reading fiction. Person A: Same here. What are your favourite authors? Person B: I love to read novels by Jane Austen and Thomas Hardy. Person A: Even I like their novels but my favourites are Thomas Hughes and J.K. Rowling. Person B: Okay! Good to hear that. Anyway, meet you sometime later. Bye! Person A: Bye! Starting a Conversation with a Stranger at the Bus Stop Person A: Hey, my name is Nick. The weather is quite good today, isn't it? Person B: Hello, mine is Jack. Yes, you're right. It was scorching hot for last couple of weeks. Person A: I hope the weather remains like this for some time now. Person B: Don't you think the bus is quite late today! Person A: Yeah, it usually arrives by this time but today it is getting too late. Person B: We will get late in reaching office. Person A: Yeah, you are right. We will surely have to hear one or two from our respective bosses. Starting a Conversation with a Colleague you Meet in a Shop Person A: Nice to see you here. Person B: Me too. Do you come to this shop on regular basis? Person A: Yeah, I purchase all grocery from here only. Many varieties are available here. Person B: Oh really! Are they available at reasonable prices? Actually, I have come here for the first time. Person A: Yes, I think so. You can try and compare it yourself. Person B: Ok. How is office going these days? Person A: As usual. How about you? Person B: It's going fine. Meet you in the office tomorrow. Have a good day! Person A: Ok, bye. See you tomorrow. Conversation with an Unknown at a Function Person A: Hello, myself Lisa. It seems I've seen you somewhere. May I know your name? Person B: Hi, my name is Daisy. May be I can, if you can tell me something about you. Person A: Ok, I'm a local resident of this place and I have completed my studies from the California University and currently working in a Bank. I am a close relative of the family hosting this function. Person B: Ok. So we are relative in that sense as I am also a distant relative of the family. Person A: Oh, really! So you should come to my place someday. I live nearby Apollo Residency. Person B: Yeah, sure. We'll meet soon. Topics appropriate for small talk discussions are: Your last holiday- Weather is excellent. I'm planning a trip. Where did you spend your last holidays? The weather- What a weather! It's raining after so long. Your favourite actor- Have you seen the last movie? The lead is my favourite actor. Gardening- What are your hobbies? Mine is gardening. Your health problems- I caught cold due to rainy weather. Do you have some medicine? The latest movies- Did you watch any of the latest movies? Any suggestions which one should I watch? The local basketball team- Do you have interest in playing games? Cars- New generations are very crazy about latest models in cars, aren't they? A product you would like to sell in the office- Have you ever used that product? I prefer using that and believe me it's awesome. Your home town- Are you a resident from here only or your home town is somewhere else? Reasons as to why some topics may be inappropriate for small talks are as follows: The best political party- It seems to be a vast topic for discussion as every person has some or the other opinion about the political party they like. Your family- It is also an extensive topic for discussion as some people live in nuclear family while some in joint and the discussion can also be based on family members, culture, traditions, etc. The One true path to eternal life- It depends upon the faith and beliefs of the people and from person to person. Hence, it is not appropriate for small talks discussion. The death penalty- It is again a matter of opinion and opponents and proponents arise in this intense topic of discussion. The discussion would go apart from small talks type of discussion being a controversial matter. How much money you earn- This topic is absolutely inappropriate for small talk as nobody asks and not anyone replies to such kind of question in a brief conversation. Therefore, it is my point of view regarding topics for small talk discussions. However, the selection of topic for small talk discussion depends upon the nature of relationship between the two individuals involving in the discussion. References Admin, 2009. 21 Topics for Small Talk Conversation for all occasions. [Online] Available at: https://www.theindiansabroad.com/2009/12/21-topics-for-small-talk-conversation-for-all-occasions/ [Accessed 17 August 2016]. Fisher, D., 2016. How to Master the Art of Small Talk. [Online] Available at: https://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-master-the-art-of-small-talk.html [Accessed 16 August 2016]. Mattar, N. Wachsmuth, I., n.d. Small Talk is more than Chit-Chat: Exploiting Structures of Casual Conversations for a Virtual Agent. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer. pp.119-30. Nelson, B., 2012. Six Reasons Small Talk Is Very Important---And How To Get Better At It. [Online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/brettnelson/2012/03/30/six-reasons-small-talk-is-very-important-and-how-to-get-better-at-it/#79444ed33c4e [Accessed 16 August 2016]. Nickalls, S., 2016. The Big Benefits of Small Talkand How to Get Better At It. [Online] Available at: https://inspiyr.com/big-benefits-small-talk/ [Accessed 17 August 2016]. Ogden, C.K., Richards, I.A., Malinowski, B. Crookshank, F.G., 1923. The Meaning of Meaning. New York: Harcourt, Brace World, Inc. Park, C., 2015. An Introvert's Guide To Small Talk: Eight Painless Tips. [Online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinapark/2015/03/30/an-introverts-guide-to-small-talk-eight-painless-tips/#148cca415564 [Accessed 17 August 2016]. Sravani, 2016. Small Talk Importance, Benefits, Purpose and Tips. [Online] Available at: https://content.wisestep.com/small-talk-importance-benefits-purpose/ [Accessed 16 August 2016]. Tranchemontagne, C., 2016. The Benefits of Small Talk. [Online] Available at: https://www.readersdigest.ca/health/relationships/benefits-small-talk/ [Accessed 17 August 2016]. Tsang, S.C.-y., 2008. Is small talk in the workplace really trivial?. LCOM Papers, pp.69-83.

Example of a Request for Proposal Understanding Communication in Colorado Asian Communities Essay Example For Students

Example of a Request for Proposal: Understanding Communication in Colorado Asian Communities Essay Research study to understand communication in Colorado Asian communities Request for Proposal Table of content COVER LETTER 1 REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL 2 Purpose of the RFP 2 Objectives 2 Background and current status 3 Audience 3 Timeline 4 Budget 4 Evaluation criteria 5 Mandatory requirement 5 Proposal guidelines and requirements 6 Scope of work 6 FORMAT FOR THE PROPOSALS 6 COVER LETTER Request for proposal for a research study to understand communication in Colorado Asian communities Dear Sir/Madam This is an invitation to submit a proposal for the above referenced research study. Kindly take note of the requirements and guidelines set forth in the RFP and submit a proposal that is in accordance to the same. Our client company is a political organization in Colorado that is affiliated to the Republican Party. It relies on members to execute its activities. However, the organization has realized that people from the Asian community has less interest in engaging in civic affairs of the State. Their numbers in the organization is quite low despite the large number of Asians in Colorado. This assumed to be due to their lack of interest in political and civic activities resulting from ineffective communications. The research study seeks to find out the reason for the lack of effective communication among Asian communities, which is believed to be the primary cause of their low degree in civic engagement and lack of participation in political dialogues. We intend to understand why Asians are not interested in civic engagement, elections and other campaigns with the goal of coming up with ways to increase their degree of participation on dialogue and civic engagement. A pre-proposal . . a representative sample for Asian population in other states. The factors that motivate Asians to participate in civic activities in Colorado will be identified for use to encourage members of the community to be more engaged. FORMAT FOR THE PROPOSALS The following is a guideline that you may use to format your proposal. ?The font size must be at least 11 and not larger than 14 points. The recommended fonts are Arial and Times new Romans. ?The expected total length of the proposal should be between 0 and 35 pages. This is inclusive of the title page, cover letter, references and the appendices (if any). ?The title page must include the name of the research study, name and contact of the research consultant, and contact person authorized by the consultancy firm. The cove letter is expected to be signed by the contact person indicated on the cover page.